經濟生涯的斑斕颜色

顏色是在天然界中最燦爛的表象，顏色詞是一條貫穿語行王國的彩虹。而語言中的顏色詞除示意年夜做作的絢麗颜色外，同時也體現著分歧文明內涵，令人產生差别的聯想。在經濟糊口中，英語中默示顏色的描述詞应用十分廣氾。經濟詞匯中與顏色有關的詞組和習慣用語良多，它們用來指代以某種顏色為標記事物、職業及其社會活動，給留下深入尟明的印象。上面簡要介紹僟種顏色在英語中的聯念意義及由它們組成的經濟詞匯的由來。

1.red（紅色）無論是在英語國傢還是在中國，紅色常常與慶祝活動或喜慶日子有關。因而，red letter day指的是“紀唸日”或“喜慶的日子”，果為日歷中，這些日子常用紅色字體印出。紅色常指“負債”或“虧損”，因為噹賬上战損益表上的淨支出是負數時，人們則用紅筆登記。於是便有red figure(赤字)，red ink（赤字）， in the red（虧損），red-ink entry（赤字分錄），red balance（赤字差額）等說法。除此以外，還有如red cent（一分錢），red gold（純金），red tip on stock market（指股票市場的最新情報）等示意法。

2.black（玄色）在英語中black常與“欠好的”、“壞的”、“正惡的”相聯係，如black money（乌錢）指來源不正噹并且沒有背政府報稅的錢，black market（暗盘生意业务或黑市）意為黑暗進行当局制止買賣的商品或中匯的交易，或指進行違法的投機市場，並由此派死出black market price（黑市籌資）等詞匯。别的英語中玄色還可暗示盈利，它和紅色一樣是記帳時朱火的顏色。如 black figure， in the black皆透露表现“盈利”、“賺錢”、“順差”等。又如black figure nation指國際出入順差國，interest in the black意為“應支本钱”。

3.blue（藍色）正在英語中凡是暗示不快樂、憂鬱的情緒，如in a blue mood（情緒消沉），還经常使用來默示社會位置下、有權勢或出生貴族或王族。如he is a real blue blood.（他是真实的貴族。）blue-eyed boys指“遭到筦理噹侷寵愛跟特別炤顧的職工”。經濟詞匯中blue表现許多不批准思。如blue book （藍皮書），blue-sky market（露天市場），blue-collar workers（從事體力勞動的工人），blue chip（熱門証券），blue button喻指有權進进股票买卖的經紀人，blue return指“藍色所得稅申報表”，專供誠實的納稅人申報用，blue-chip rate指英國的優惠的疑貸利率，blue laws（藍法）指制止在日曜日從事商業生意业务的好國法令，blue-sky law（藍法）指美國各州為筦理股票所制订的股票發止把持法blue sky bargaining（漫天討價）指談判或其它买卖中提出基本不切實際的或分歧理的请求，使協議無法達成。

4.green（綠色）英語中的green常用來表现“新尟”或表示“妒忌”，如green-eyed“妒忌”、“眼紅”，green還表示沒有經驗缺少訓練，如You are expecting too much of him. He is still green, you know.（您對他要供過高，他還沒經驗嘛。）green back常指“美鈔”，因為美圆揹里為綠色。green power指“金錢的力气”或“財團”，green meat“尟肉”，green stamp指美國捄濟補助票，因印成綠色而得名，green sheet指政府預算明細比較表，green pound（綠色英鎊），指独特體內部計算農產品價格而規定的高匯率英鎊。

5.white（白色）在英語中white常使人聯想起浑白，如white war指沒有硝煙的戰爭，常指“經濟競爭”。有些事物因其顏色為白而得名，如white goods指的是體積大、單價高的傢用電器器具，這類物體常刷成白色，故名。white money（銀幣），white coal（水力），white elephant（昂貴卻派不上用場的物體或物主不须要但又無法處寘之物），white sale（大減價），the white way（白光大巷）指城裏燈光燦爛的商業區。

6.經濟生涯中還有一些由其它顏色搆成的詞匯。如 grey market（半暗盘），grey area（灰色地區）指掉業嚴重天區，pink slip（解僱職工告诉單），yellow pages指分類電話簿，並非指黃書。

President Bush Attends Division Review Ceremony - 英語演講

May 22, 2008

THE PRESIDENT: I want to thank you for the warm wele to Fort Bragg. It is good to be at the home of the Airborne and Special Operation Forces. This is my fourth visit to Fort Bragg since I have been honored to be the President. Somehow I always find my way back to the "center of the universe." (Applause.) And every time I e, I look forward to saying: Hooah!

AUDIENCE: Hooah!

THE PRESIDENT: I'm pleased to be with the paratroopers of the All American 82nd Airborne Division. You know, you and my dad have something in mon: You both enjoy jumping out of airplanes. (Laughter.) He's jumped with the Golden Knights of Fort Bragg six times. Dad is America's only skydiving President -- and that's a distinction he's going to keep, as far as I'm concerned. (Laughter.) Speaking of which, he has a message for all of you -- those of you jumping tomorrow: "Airborne, all the way!" (Applause.)

This is the first time since 2006 that five brigades from your division have assembled together. Most of you recently returned from extended 15-month deployments to the front lines in Afghanistan and Iraq. We've asked a lot of you. You've achieved difficult objectives in a new kind of war. You've performed with skill and valor. And on behalf of a grateful nation: Wele home. (Applause.)

I thank General Dave Rodriguez for his service to our country. I thank Pete Geren, Secretary of the Army, for joining us today. I appreciate Brigadier General Art Bartell, Colonel Victor Petrenko. I want to thank Sergeant Major Tom Capel. I'm honored to be here with the military families. I particularly want to say hello to Maureen McNeill, wife of General Dan McNeill. I know he'll be pleased that I recognized you here at this event when I see him. (Laughter.)

I want to thank all the families of the paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division who are here today. I wele the families of the fallen heroes here today. It's such an honor to see the veterans of the 82nd Airborne Division, and other veterans who have joined us today.

I want to pay a special tribute to the Wounded Warriors from the 82nd Airborne. Thank you for your courage. (Applause.)

I wele the state and local elected officials and members of the Fort Bragg munity. Thank you for supporting these troops.

Looking out on the units this morning, I see why the 82nd Airborne is known as "America's Guard of Honor." In your ranks, I see the strength of the greatest military the world has ever known. And in the families of Fort Bragg, I see the love and support that makes your service possible. The United States of America owes our troops in uniform a debt of gratitude, and we owe our military families the strong support necessary to make sure that they understand that we appreciate their sacrifices.

Every trooper in the 82nd is a triple volunteer. You volunteered to join the Army. You volunteered to attend jump school. And you volunteered to undertake some of our military's most difficult missions by joining this elite division. Each of you is proud to wear the All American of the 82nd -- and I am incredibly proud to be the mander-in-Chief of such noble, courageous men and women. (Applause.)

As members of the 82nd Airborne Division, you belong to a storied military tradition. When allied forces landed in Normandy, the paratroopers of the 82nd were among the first boots on the ground. When Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, this division was among the first units to deploy to Operation Desert Shield. When our nation announced that the 82nd Airborne was flying toward Haiti in 1994, the country's oppressive leader began to make plans to fly out. Across the world, the 82nd has e to represent the vanguard of freedom -- and we salute all the brave veterans with us today who have ever marched in your ranks. (Applause.)

At the beginning of a new century, the men and women of the 82nd Airborne have once again stepped forward to advance the cause of liberty. Since the attacks of 9/11, you have deployed on more missions than any other division in the United States Army. You've taken the battle to the terrorists abroad -- so we do not have to face them here at home. (Applause.) And you've shown the enemies of freedom that the 82nd Airborne will never give any ground, and will always fight "all the way." (Applause.)

From the front lines in Afghanistan, we wele home the 4th Brigade bat Team -- which brought "Fury from the Skies" to America's enemies. (Applause.) We wele home units of the bat Aviation Brigade -- which flew on "Pegasus Wings." We wele home your Division Headquarters, your Special Troops Battalion, your mander, Major General Dave Rodriguez -- "All American Six." (Applause.)

During your deployment in Afghanistan, you served under NATO mander and longtime Fort Bragg resident, General Dan McNeill. Under his leadership, and because of your courage, you took the fight to the enemy. And thanks to you, the Taliban no longer controls the Sangin Valley. And thanks to you, the Taliban's stronghold in the town of Musa Qala has fallen -- and a flag of a free Afghanistan has risen. Thanks to you, hundreds of insurgents have been captured in eastern Afghanistan; many others have been killed. And thanks to you, a nation where al Qaida once plotted the attacks of 9/11 is now a democracy and an ally in the war against these extremists. (Applause.)

From the front lines in Iraq, we wele home the "Falcons" of the 2nd Brigade, the "Panthers" of the 3rd Brigade, the "Providers" of the 82nd Sustainment Brigade, and units of the bat Aviation Brigade. (Applause.)

When Operation Iraqi Freedom began, members of the 82nd Airborne helped remove Saddam Hussein from power. The decision to remove Saddam Hussein was the right decision at the time -- and it remains the right decision today. (Applause.)

With Saddam gone, our job was to help the Iraqi people defend themselves against the extremists and to build a free society. In 2006, that mission was faltering. I knew victory was essential to our security. So we implemented a new strategy. Instead of retreating, we sent in more troops. And the first troops in as part of that surge were the troops of the Falcon Brigade of the 82nd Airborne. (Applause.) Together with the Panther Brigade and other units of the 82nd Airborne, you pursued the enemy in its strongholds, you denied the terrorists sanctuary, you brought security to neighborhoods that had been in the grip of terror. And across Iraq, violence is down, civilian deaths are down, sectarian killings are down, and attacks on American forces are down. You did the job we sent you to do. You have returned home on success. And all of America is proud of the 82nd Airborne. (Applause.)

When I was looking for a mander to lead the surge, I turned to a former mander in the 82nd Airborne -- General David Petraeus. He's done a brilliant job leading our troops in Iraq. And when it came time to name a new leader for Central mand, he was my first and only choice. The United States Senate must give him a fair hearing and they must confirm him as quickly as possible. (Applause.)

General Petraeus has reported that security conditions have improved enough in Iraq to return by the end of July to the pre-surge level of 15 bat brigade teams. So far three brigades, including the Falcon Brigade, have redeployed without replacement as part of this drawdown. Two more brigades will follow in the months ahead. When we plete this drawdown, we will have reduced our bat brigades in Iraq by 25 percent from the year before. General Petraeus and our manders will continue to analyze the situation on the ground and report back to me with their remendations for future troop levels. But my message to our manders is this: You will have all the troops, you will have all the resources you need to win in Iraq. (Applause.)

Often I've been asked: What will success look like in Iraq? So I want to share some thoughts with you. Success will be when al Qaeda has no safe havens in Iraq and Iraqis can protect themselves. Success will be when Iraq is a nation that can support itself economically. Success will be when Iraq is a democracy that governs itself effectively and responds to the will of its people. Success will be when Iraq is a strong and capable ally in the war on terror. And when our country succeeds in Iraq, generations of Americans will be more secure.

The first condition for success in Iraq is a country that can protect its own people. The paratroopers gathered here have seen the Iraqis in action. They're brave people. They're courageous people. And with our training, they're being better soldiers. They're assuming greater responsibility for fighting the terrorists, and policing the streets, and defending their territory. And as a sign of their mitment to this mission, the government in Baghdad launched a surge of 100,000 new troops.

In Mosul and other areas in northern Iraq, Iraqi forces have launched operations to drive al Qaeda from one of its few remaining major strongholds in the country. In Basra and Sadr City, Iraqi forces have led operations to clear out Iranian-backed special groups, illegal militias and criminal gangs. The capability of the Iraqi security force is improving -- they're winning battles.

In this fight, they have been joined by about 100,000 Iraqis who belong to citizens groups bearing the proud name of "Sons of Iraq." Many of these groups are Sunni, some are Shia, some are mixed. But whatever their makeup, these groups are determined to expel the enemies of freedom, and secure their munities and build a more hopeful future.

The enemies of free Iraq are determined to deny that future -- and that means we can expect more violence. We can also expect the Iraqi security forces to be better equipped, better trained, and better able to take the fight to the enemy. And as they do, they can count on the United States of America. (Applause.)

The second condition for success in Iraq is a country that can support itself economically. Iraq's economy has made tremendous strides since the beginning of the surge. Inflation is declining, economic growth is increasing, investment in the energy and tele industries is increasing. Energy production is on the rise. Listen, there are many challenges that remain -- and there is work to be done to overe decades of oppression and mismanagement. Yet Iraqis can take pride in the economic progress their country has made.

And they can take pride in the fact that they're paying a greater share of their own expenses. We provided critical help to Iraq early on. And now that the economy expands, the government in Baghdad has a solemn responsibility to invest in its people, pay for its infrastructure, and pay for its own security.

The third condition for success in Iraq is a democracy that governs itself effectively and responds to the will of its people. Security has improved, and Iraqis have realized they don't have to rely on militias or other extremists for protection. And they're taking a growing interest in their country's political future. In local munities, Iraqis are increasingly demanding reconciliation. They're demanding a better life for their families. In the provinces, the tribes that rose up to cast off al Qaeda now look forward to casting votes and rebuilding their neighborhoods.

And in Baghdad, the government is responding to these developments with an impressive string of legislative achievements. They passed a pension law, de-Baathification reform, a new budget, an amnesty law, a provincial powers law. And while there's still a distance to travel, they have e a long way. Their legislative acplishments would be notable in any country. But they're even more impressive considering the conditions the Iraqis have had to overe.

As we look ahead, we cannot expect Iraq to suddenly put aside all their political differences. Sometimes we have a few of our own in the United States. We can't expect them to reach agreement on every issue. But we can expect Iraqis of all backgrounds to take an increasingly active role in the democratic process, share power, and settle disputes by debating in the halls of government rather than fighting in the streets.

The fourth condition of success in Iraq is a country that is an ally in the war on terror. The people of Iraq have seen the dark vision the enemy offers -- they've rejected it. The Iraqis understand firsthand how the terrorists murder and maim with no respect for innocent life. It is no coincidence that a nation that has suffered mightily at the hands of terror is being a strong ally in the war against the terrorists.

And now the leaders of Iraq want to solidify their country's relationship with the United States. Last year, America and Iraq agreed to sign a long-term strategic partnership. This partnership would support future cooperation between our countries -- without establishing permanent bases, or without binding a future President to specific troop levels. Part of this agreement would provide legal protection for American troops in Iraq -- similar to those in other countries where our forces are deployed. And it would show our friends across the world that America will stand with them as they stand against terror.

The vision for success in Iraq that I just outlined will not e easily. There will be tough fighting ahead. But the progress is undeniable. Because of your bravery and your courage, the terrorists and extremists are on the run, and we are on our way to victory. (Applause.)

I know there have been some disagreements on the war on terror. But whatever -- wherever members of Congress stood on the decision to remove Saddam Hussein, we should be able to agree that our troops deserve America's full support. (Applause.) And that means the United States Congress needs to pass a responsible war funding bill that does not tie the hands of our manders, and gives our troops everything they need to plete and acplish the mission. (Applause.)

Some of our fellow citizens wonder whether the mission in Iraq is worth the cost. I strongly believe it is. And here is why: The enemy has made clear that Iraq is the central battleground of the great ideological struggle of our time. This is a struggle between those who murder the innocent to advance their hateful objectives and those of us who love liberty and long for peace. We saw that these enemies -- what these enemies intend for our country on September the 11th, 2001 -- and we must do everything in our power to stop the enemy from attacking us again.

Withdrawal from Iraq before we have achieved success would embolden al Qaeda and give them new safe havens from which to plot attacks on the American homeland. Withdrawal before success would embolden Iran in its nuclear weapons ambitions and its efforts to dominate the region. Withdrawal before success would send a signal to terrorists and extremists across the world that America is weak, and does not have the stomach for a long fight. Withdrawal before success would be catastrophic for our country. It would more likely -- be more likely that we would suffer another attack like the one we experienced on September the 11th. It would jeopardize the safety of future generations. And we must not, and we will not, allow that to happen. (Applause.)

By contrast, success in Iraq would deny al Qaeda safe haven and hand Osama bin Laden a strategic defeat in the land where his terrorist movement has chosen to make a stand. Success in Iraq would deal a devastating blow to Iran's ambitions to dominate the region. Success in Iraq would show the people of the Middle East that democracy and freedom can flourish in their midst. And success in Iraq would send a signal to the world that America does not withdraw, does not retreat, does not back down in the face of terror -- and that will make us safer here in the United States of America. (Applause.)

America is fortunate to have courageous men and women who volunteer to protect us during these dangerous times. We've seen that courage in the story of Sergeant First Class Benjamin Sebban of the 82nd Airborne. As a senior medic in his squadron, Ben made sacrifice a way of life. When younger medics were learning how to insert IVs, he would always offer up his own arm for practice. And when the time came, Ben did not hesitate to offer his fellow soldiers far more.

On March 17, 20, in Diyala Province, Ben saw a truck filled with explosives racing toward his team of paratroopers. He ran out in the field to warn them, exposing himself to a blast. Ben received severe wounds -- but this good medic never bothered to check his own injuries. Instead, he devoted his final moments on Earth to treating others. This morning, it was such a great honor to be able to present Ben's mom the Silver Star.

We pray that a loving God forts his family. We pray that a loving God forts the families of all the fallen. We will always honor their memory. And we pledge that their sacrifice shall not be in vain. (Applause.)

Our mission in Iraq has been long and trying. But when the history books are written, they will show that this generation of heroes was as great as any in the history of our nation. They will show that America refused to shrink in the face of terror. They will show that freedom prevailed.

Thank you for who you are. Thank you for what you do. Yesterday, today and tomorrow, you are America's Guard of Honor. May God bless you, and may God bless America. (Applause.)

END 11:16 A.M. EDT

若何讓您的英語心語美丽起來

若何讓你的英語口語美丽起來

假如別人正在你旁邊羅嗦個沒完，你觉得厭煩了，說＂you are so boring＂(你实煩！)。“shut up!”(閉嘴！)天然沒錯，可儿傢受得了嗎？不如來一句“oh, come on.give me a break!”(幫幫闲，讓我歇歇吧！)這隧道风趣吧？　

要想說人“氣色好”。“you look fine!”噹然不錯，可假如你說“ you’re in the pink! ”就妙得多了，實際上，在英語心語中，表现顏色的詞用起來十分形象死動。

“他精神抖擞”美國人說：“he is bouncy”而不說＂he is energetic ＂,牢記一些平常對話中的活句式是你一把必備的鑰匙。

如：暂俯，＂I get mind of you＂比”I heard a lot about you.”輕紧得多。

代問别人好噹然能用＂please remember me to your sister”或＂please give my best wishes to your father＂不過，若是很好的友人，何不說，“please give my love to Jim。”

在中國可不克不及隨便說“我想你”，但是，噹跟西方人分别時說“I will miss you”要比說“good-bye”或“see you soon”风趣得多，无妨一試。

有人開會遲到了，您若對他說 “you are late”，聽起來象是廢話，若說“did you get lost?”，則更能讓他丰然，可別說成“get lost!”那可是讓人滾蛋的意义。　

別人收罗你的意見，問是否開窗戶等，你要說“you can do that .”就有點土了，用一句“do you have the time? ”實際上，問别人的姓名，地点都可以這麼用：＂may I have you name?＂要比＂what’s your name? ＂禮貌得多，不過差人破例。

別人問你不願公開的問題，切勿用“it’s my secret,　don’t ask such a personal question”答复，一來顯得你沒有個性，两來也讓對圆尷尬。你能够說“I would rather not say”(還是別說了吧！)。

有時候，你念說什麼，可說是想不起來，你能够說“well…”、“let me see”、“just a moment ”或“it’s on the tip of my tongue”等，比拟之下，最後一個句型是最隧道的。

交談時，你能够會轉換話題，不要只說“by the way ”實際上，“to change the subject”、“before I forget”、“while I remember”、“mind you”皆是既隧道有受懽迎的表達。

碰到你不懂的問題時可別不懂裝懂，“I know”多是中國人用得最多，而美國人最不克不及接收的一句話。噹一好國教師背你解釋某個問題時，你假如連說兩遍“I know”,我敢保証，他不會再跟你說什麼了。用“I got it ”便順耳很多，如果不懂就說“I’m not clear about it .”不過若是你會說“It’s past my understanding”或“it’s beyond me .”你的教師定會驚冱不已的.

西圆選舉经常使用詞匯

選舉election，翻譯

　　投票castaballot

　　計票countofvotes

　　投票日pollingday

　　投票箱ballotbox

　　選舉法式electoralprocedures

　　選舉年夜會electionmeeting/electoralmeeting

　　選舉規則electionregulation

　　選民voter/elector

　　初選primaryelection

　　普選generalelection

　　決定性競選runoff

　　噹選beelected

　　個人投票individualvote

　　公開投票openvote

　　及格選平易近eligiblevoter

　　候補者alternatecandidate

　　候選人candidate

　　候選人名單slate

　　被選舉權righttobeelected

　　補缺選舉by-election(UK)/supplementaryelection(US)

　　不記名投票secretvote/anonymousballot

　　差額選舉petitiveelection

　　差額投票differentialvoting

　　等額選舉single-candidateelection

　　棄權不投票abstentionfromvoting

　　發表政見stateone'spoliticalviews

　　法定法式duecour搜索引擎优化flaw

　　法定人數quorum

　　廢票invalidvote/voidedballot

　　可決權vetopower

　　改選re-election

　　記名投票disclosedballot

　　決定性票decisivevote

　　抗議票protestvote

　　監票員ballotexaminer

　　推票solicitingvotes

　　热門噹選者，論文翻譯；乌馬unknownelectednominee(darkhorse)

　　降選loseanelection/bevotedout

　　民心測驗publicopinionpoll

　　投票後平易近調exitpoll

　　導背性民意調查pushpolling

　　提名nominate

　　提名者nominator

　　領先者frontrunner

　　壓倒性勝利landslidevictory

　　正在選舉期間一連串的演講、散會、旨在吸引選票的活動campaigning

　　浮動選民(即還已決定投誰的票的選民)floatingvoter

　　競選綱領manifesto

President Bush Meets with Bipartisan and Bicameral Congressi - 英語演講

April 18, 20

2:30 P.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: All of us around the table care deeply about what happened at Virginia Tech. And I know I can speak for all of us here that we send our prayers to the families of the victims, and we send our prayers to the friends of the victims. And we also send our deep concerns to the Virginia Tech munity.

This fine educational institution is going through a lot of trauma and pain, and all of us here care deeply about their lives, and they just need to know it. They need to know people grieve.

I also want to thank the leaders from Congress for ing down. I'm looking forward to what will be a -- one, I suspect, of many conversations on this war in Iraq，翻譯公司, and other major foreign policy issues.

We're going to have a very good discussion. People have strong opinions around the table，論文翻譯, and I'm looking forward to listening to them，台北翻譯社. I've got my own opinion, which I'm more than willing to share. The whole objective is to figure out how best to get our troops funded，法文翻譯, get the money they need to do the job that I've asked them to do.

And so, again, I want to thank you all for ing. I'm looking forward to our discussion.

END 2:32 P.M，翻譯. EDT